The high incidence of neurodegenerative retinal diseases that lead to visual impairment and blindness has given rise to new technological and biological advances in the field of ophthalmology. Electronic retinal prostheses are among the most eagerly anticipated, yet complex devices to be developed. The expertise of retinal specialists, surgeons and engineers has been combined to thoroughly research the effect of electrical stimulation on retinal neurons, to develop micro-electronic chips, investigate new encapsulation methods that are bio-compatible and to develop methods of powering the subretinal devices.